Managerial accounting free essay sample

a. Sales budget: April May June Quarter Budgeted sales in units 35,000 45,000 60,000 140,000 Selling price per unit Ãâ€" $8 Ãâ€" $8 Ãâ€" $8 Ãâ€" $8 Total sales $280,000 $360,000 $480,000 $1,120,000 b. Schedule of expected cash collections: February sales $ 48,000 $ 48,000 March sales 112,000 $ 56,000 168,000 April sales 70,000 140,000 $ 70,000 280,000 May sales 90,000 180,000 270,000 June sales 120,000 120,000 Total cash collections $230,000 $286,000 $370,000 $ 886,000 c. Merchandise purchases budget: Budgeted sales in units 35,000 45,000 60,000 140,000 Add budgeted ending inventory* 40,500 54,000 36,000 36,000 Total needs 75,500 99,000 96,000 176,000 Less beginning inventory 31,500 40,500 54,000 31,500 Required unit purchases 44,000 58,500 42,000 144,500 Unit cost Ãâ€" $5 Ãâ€" $5 Ãâ€" $5 Ãâ€" $5 Required dollar purchases $220,000 $292,500 $210,000 $ 722,500 *90% of the next month’s sales in units. Case 8-29 d. Budgeted cash disbursements for merchandise purchases: April May June Quarter March purchases $ 85,750 $ 85,750 April purchases 110,000 $110,000 220,000 May purchases 146,250 $146,250 292,500 June purchases 105,000 105,000 Total cash payments $195,750 $256,250 $251,250 $703,250 2. Cravat Sales Company Cash Budget For the Three Months Ending June 30 April May June Quarter Cash balance, beginning $ 14,000 $ 10,250 $ 10,000 $ 14,000 Add receipts from customers (Part 1 b.) 230,000 286,000 370,000 886,000 Total cash available 244,000 296,250 380,000 900,000 Less disbursements: Purchase of inventory (Part 1 d.) 195,750 256,250 251,250 703,250 Sales commissions 35,000 45,000 60,000 140,000 Salaries and wages 22,000 22,000 22,000 66,000 Utilities 14,000 14,000 14,000 42,000 Miscellaneous 3,000 3,000 3,000 9,000 Dividends paid 12,000 0 0 12,000 Land purchases 0 25,000 0 25,000 Total disbursements 281,750 365,250 350,250 997,250 Excess (deficiency) of receipts over disbursements (37,750) (69,000) 29,750 (97,250) Financing: Borrowings 48,000 79,000 0 127,000 Repayments* 0 0 (16,000) (16,000) Interest* 0 0 (3,020) (3,020) Total financing 48,000 79,000 (19,020) 107,980 Cash balance, ending $ 10,250 $ 10,000 $ 10,730 $ 10,730 *This is the maximum amount (in increments of $1,000) that the company could repay to the bank and still have at least a ,000 ending balance. We will write a custom essay sample on Managerial accounting or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ** $48,000 Ãâ€" 1% Ãâ€" 3 = $1,440 $79,000 Ãâ€" 1% Ãâ€" 2 = 1,580 Total interest = $3,020 Case 8-29 3. Cravat Sales Company Budgeted Income Statement For the Three Months Ended June 30 Sales revenue (Part 1 a.) $1,120,000 Variable expenses: Cost of goods sold (140,000 ties @ $5 per tie) $700,000 Commissions (140,000 ties @ $1 per tie) 140,000 840,000 Contribution margin 280,000 Fixed expenses: Wages and salaries 66,000 Utilities 42,000 Insurance expired 3,600 Depreciation 4,500 Miscellaneous 9,000 125,100 Net operating income 154,900 Interest expense 3,020 Net income $ 151,880 Case 8-29 4. Cravat Sales Company Budgeted Balance Sheet June 30 Assets Cash (Part 2) $ 10,730 Accounts receivable (see below) 450,000 Inventory (36,000 ties @ $5 per tie) 180,000 Unexpired insurance ($14,400 – $3,600) 10,800 Fixed assets, net of depreciation ($172,700 + $25,000 – $4,500) 193,200 Total assets $844,730 Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity Accounts payable, purchases (50% Ãâ€" $210,000.) $105,000 Dividends payable 12,000 Loans payable, bank ($127,000 – $16,000) 111,000 Capital stock, no par 300,000 Retained earnings (see below) 316,730 Total liabilities and equity $844,730 Accounts receivable at June 30: 25% Ãâ€" May sales of $360,000 $ 90,000 75% Ãâ€" June sales of $480,000 360,000 Total $450,000 Retained earnings at June 30: Balance, March 31 $176,850 Add net income (Part 3) 151,880 Total 328,730 Less dividends declared 12,000 Balance, June 30 $316,730

Art Design for the Web Essay

Graphic/Art Design for the Web Essay Graphic/Art Design for the Web Essay Graphic/Art Design for the Web Roy Lichtenstein Roy Lichtenstein is the main founders of Pop Art in the United State born in 1923. He has Learning landscape drawing when he was young, later he keen on American abstract expressionist painting Creation Research. In the early 1960s he adapted from the U.S. to the contents of advertisements for comics for the pop art creations, this makes him almost became famous overnight. In 1970 he used in print outlets like "point" style used more in the creation of other subjects. After this he became the most influential artists of the art scene in the Twentieth century. He was created with the abstract expressionist painting style in pop art. Art works feature The most characteristic of Roy Lichtenstein’ artworks were his used 1950s American comics as a creative theme for his paintings. In this type of artworks, He caricature copy and zoom in to the canvas, also using a large number of outlets to express the modern large-scale industrial printing results, in his artworks has the bright color screen, but looks simple, showing his unique pop style. Whaam! Roy Lichtenstein Whaam! 1963 Acrylic and oil on canvas Support: 1727 x 4064 mm frame: 1747 x 4084 x 60 mm American comics, common theme American pop artist will usually appear on television or print media, some of the public familiar visual image as an important element in the creation of pop art. Everyday things can become common pop artists’ creative source. But Roy Lichtenstein is more interest on printed paper. He selected American comics as a creative basis in print paper. He should combined the ordinary things in everyday life and art, he selected the way of using traditional painting comic to replication and amplification to create his unique style of pop art. Whaam is an artwork selected from a set of American comics to zoom out. There are two consecutive pictures of this artwork: the first one is an enemy fighter to shoot the scene, the second one is depicting â€Å"Whaam!" which is the enemy was hit scene; At this time he painted in bright red color flat tail like the launch around the flames, its presenting a picture of the bloody terror blast. When this painting was exhibited first time in New York, it won the audience's strong reaction. In this way, the familiar American comics are reinterpreted through Roy Lichtenstein on the canvas; he said: The theme for the commercial art is pop art painting, so his artworks shows the common theme with a simple and direct visual images, he used this way to make some of the simple narrative comic such the storytelling that exists in order caricature into the shelves Art collections in the museum for asking people to watch carefully. Girl with Ball by Roy Lichtenstein Print outlets -personalized approach As we can see in Roy Lichtenstein’s artworks is always use the print outlets as an important means of artistic expression. It has also become a distinctive creative personality for his future. The raw material of the Girl with Ball by Roy Lichtenstein is derived from a holiday advertising works; he used those uniformly with black specks as being sunbathing woman's skin tone. In his artwork the image processing

Smart beta question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Smart beta question - Essay Example Throughout the time fund manages look forward for different ways to make the investment products effective. The new smart beta strategies works as passive equity investment assets for the market capitalization due to which most of the pension funds in the European countries like Netherlands, Scandinavia etc have shifted their equities portfolios towards smart beta strategies(Skypala). As the article of David highlights that the adoption of Smart beta strategies is one of the fastest growing investments as it tracks certain stock and asset in the index than emphasizing on the entire market. Smart beta has provided greater increase in the interest rate on the equity portfolio(Oakley). It has assessed providing greater and better returns on the equities than the passive or beta funds through taking in account the small company stocks(Skypala). I believe that the Smart Beta is one of the effective approaches that can provide a better combination of passive and active management approache s for the active managers to yields higher returns on the portfolios. In addition, the Smart beta can be an effective approach that lowers the risk for maintaining, enhancing long term returns. This is because the Smart Beta strategies allow multiple approaches for the managers to evaluate the fund management, as it is an alternative strategy that overcomes the risk parity, minimum variance and maximum diversification, value and growth and risk factors indices. However some of the active managers believe that the smart beta has the similar amount of risks involved that the previous approaches. Despite of the fact, the smart beta products still remain one of the most expensive portfolios to invest in than the other passive fund that have eventually decreased their fee to cut bones. This is because the smart beta products have higher and better returns than the other portfolios that provide a better opportunity for its investors to

Is Aborftion Moral Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Is Aborftion Moral - Essay Example Rape is an act of sexual intercourse with a person who is unwilling. In most of the times, the rapists do not use protection. As such, the rape victims are impregnated by this heinous act. At times, the rape victims do not get enough mitigation processes to avoid pregnancy (Ezell, Norwood, Stewart, Greenwood, Waight, Bishop, and Hutchins, 2009). For example, some rape victims are afraid of seeking help from the healthcare service department. In these days, medical advancement makes it possible to use morning-after-pill to avert pregnancy. However, this is only possible with a timeline of up to 72 hours. Therefore, the victims have to bear the consequences of a crime. To many people, this is humiliating since the rape victim will have memories of an unwanted occurrence. In this aspect, it is acceptable to procure an abortion. Apparently, it is legally acceptable to abort after getting pregnant after a rape incident. Similarly, it is morally acceptable to procure an abortion in inciden ces like child abuse and incest. Many people in the world have a single source of income. For example, a family that is dependent on a single-family breadwinner will be solely dependent on the sole income. However, a situation could lead to a change in the source of income. For example, after death, divorce, or separation, families will find it hard to cope with the new life. In some instances, women find they are pregnant after divorce, separation, or death of their husbands (Webster, 2009). In such a situation, they do not have a single source of income. Apparently, they do have various responsibilities to accomplish. This increases the financial impedance on the single mother. In such a situation, one may procure an abortion. This will limit any other expenses that are precedent. Consequently, it is argued that many people are focusing on the morality of abortion. However, it is noted that there are

Analysis on Quality Improvement in Federal Prison Essay Example for Free

Analysis on Quality Improvement in Federal Prison Essay Introduction In the light of establishing a furnished description of the subject tackled on this paper quality improvement (QI) is an organized approach to planning and implementing continuous improvement in performance. Although QI holds promise for improving quality of care and patient safety, federal prisons that adopt QI often struggle with its implementation. This article examines the role of organizational infrastructure in implementation of quality improvement practices and structures in the federal prison.   The author gives more attention specifically on four elements of organizational support and infrastructure for QI-integrated data systems, financial support for QI, organizational integration, and information system capability. Further, these macrolevel factors provide consistent, ongoing support for the QI efforts of clinical teams engaging in direct patient care, thus promoting institutionalization of QI. Results from the multivariate analysis of 1997 survey data on 2,350 federal prisons provide strong support for the hypotheses. Results signal that organizations intent upon improving quality must attend to the context in which QI efforts are practiced, and that such efforts are unlikely to be effective unless appropriate support systems are in place to ensure full implementation. This paper addresses these gaps by examining the role of multiple elements of organizational infrastructure in implementation of QI practices and structures in the federal prison. Our results are intended to provide managers with information about the kinds of resource commitments and structural changes that enhance the value of their investment in QI, and to help policy makers identify policies or incentives that would help the federal prison management reach its utmost desire in the sagacity of Time Quality Management and other sort. Analysis This section consists of a continuous improvement model and the tools of improvement arranged in a logical flow to get the desired results. The emphasis is on all employees. This model and the basic tools utilized can be learned and effectively applied by everyone. There are many statistically based programs that are helpful for driving improvements on very technical problems. These programs are good for what they are designed to do. The limitation is that often they only engage a small percentage of the workforce. Typically, a few managers and a few technologists or engineers will be involved. There are also some good problem-solving techniques available that, all too often, are applied only after a customer-upsetting incident has occurred. Most organizations have, literally, tons of data, and yet very few of them are using it effectively. Within this continuous improvement teaming, you will learn how to convert data into information. The tools that will be used to do this are Pareto diagrams, histograms, scatter diagrams, and charting. Where more information is required, you will learn how to design and implement check sheets to gather the data required to provide the sought-for information. In the beginning of a continuous improvement program, one only needs to have the visibility with regard to the effect of things which are not being performed well in the provision of high quality product or service to the subjects.   With the use of this certain flow of organizational improvement, it shall be easier to make us of a diagram which illustrates the essence of conjunction and brainstorming, hence, not undermining the other external and internal functions bereft the subjects under study.   The poor effects of the organizational strategies which has been utilized may give light on the sagacity of improving the organization’s standards and the elimination of the unnecessary ideas for that instance. Aside from that, if the certain causes are found to be that which is isolated to specific are, person, or time period within the operation, the it will most likely be easier to get a through glimpse of the operation thus learning an echelon of stratification techniques and other unique case which shall be pondered on by the launchers of the study. The factors which have been stated may be that which are implicitly defining the crucial state of improvement and other sort of the like.   However, such does not dente weakness, but rather an innate sense of quality analysis as shown in the diagram below[1].   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Even though the diagram is that which is not focused on the federal prison arena, still, the idea is the same.   The improvement process is a cyclical form hence, having internal and external collaborations.   As stressed by Lewis and Clark in the improvement process, it is important to bear in mind that improvement itself does not stop in a certain peak.   Nevertheless, all state should be equally given consideration and in order to achieve the summit of total satisfaction, it must not only dwell on the ability of the tangibility of entities, but behavioral realms as well. Conclusion Reflecting the growing emphasis on organizational systems of care, QI is an organized approach to planning and implementing continuous improvement in performance. QI emphasizes continuous examination and improvement of work processes by teams of organizational members trained in basic statistical techniques and problem-solving tools who are empowered to make decisions based on their analyses of the data. Like other systems-based approaches, QI stresses that quality depends foremost on the processes by which services are designed and delivered. The systemic focus of QI complements a growing recognition in the field that the quality of the care delivered by clinicians depends substantially on the performance capability of the organizational systems in which they work. While individual clinician competence remains important, many increasingly see the capability of organizational systems to prevent errors, coordinate care among settings and practitioners, and ensure that relevant, accurate information is available when needed as critical elements in providing high-quality care. We argue that implementation of QI in federal prison settings can be facilitated by organizational structures, resources, and operational systems that provide a supportive context for enhancing both the scope and intensity of clinical QI efforts. Scope refers to the extent or range of application of QI philosophy and methods, and, as such, it indicates the pervasiveness with which QI practices permeate organizational structures and routines. QI emphasizes organization-wide commitment and involvement because most-if not all-vital work processes span many individuals, disciplines, and departments (Berwick, Godfrey, and Roessner 1990; James 1989). Intensity refers to the strength of application or degree of focus on QI philosophy and methods and therefore, indicates the degree of development of the QI effort. In a well-developed QI effort, continuous improvement becomes an integral part of the daily work life of organizational members, as opposed to an intermittent or circumscribed activity (Berwick 1990; Deming 1986; Ishikawa 1985). While quality control remains important, continuous improvement becomes the primary goal (Berwick).    References:   Creech, B. (1995). The Five Pillars of TQM: How to Make Total Quality Management Work for You. New York: Plume. Foss, N. (1996). Towards a Competence Theory of the Firm (1 ed.). New York: Routledge. Schwab, D. P. (2004). Research Methods for Organizational Studies (Second ed.). New York: Lawrence Erlbaum. Williamson, O. E. (1995). Organization Theory: From Chester Barnard to the Present and Beyond (Expanded ed.). New York: Oxford University Press, USA. [1] Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI); Lewis and Clark Model.

Are You There, Reader? Its Me Margaret Essays -- Literary Analysis

Joseph Michael Sommers, has written an article on one of Judy Blume’s most iconic coming of age story; Are You There, God? It’s Me Margaret. In this article he speaks about the nature of this novel and how it speaks to young adolescent females. He speaks about the connection the novel has between the protagonist and the reader. Sommer’s argument is that the protagonist breaks the fourth wall and seeks outside intervention to her troubles in her life. The author speaks about the boundaries Judy Blume has tested. One is â€Å"sororal dialogism† in the novel, and how he will show it as a recast of avuncularism. Also how sororal bond can be found and interpreted in the novel. Another issue is, how Are You There God? It’s Me Margaret, has been described as a problem novel. As well as what position the reader plays. One thing that stood out was that Sommers in the title of the essay puts â€Å"reader† in the spot where the word â€Å"God† should be. The author uses first person point of view in his article, to connect with his audience, but his connection is not a personal one he wants it to be one of logic. He puts emphasis on the fact that we as reader are somewhat put in a position, that if we are the same gender and have gone through the same adolescent troubles (puberty, menstruation, boys, etc), we are compelled to identify with the main character. Sommer’s states: The reader reads in order to feel sorrow for the protagonist in a manner the reader can assimilate. Yet, it seems that the nature of Margaret’s thoughts is inherently dialogic or, to work with Duke’s terms, empathic: neither Margaret nor the reader uses the text in order to solicit pity from the other. What function would a â€Å"pity party† serve a reader by herself? To the contra... ...oached. Such as: how the reader is seen as having so many roles, and to which one do they take. This article is well- written and he has some significant points about the novel. Sommer’s tactics of constructing his argument in a logical manner was the right thing to do. It helps the reader to separate their feelings that they may have had when reading the novel, and look at facts. In some parts of the article he used reader-response, which helped you to question what others have said about this novel. Although there were parts where his argument is not clear, it did consist of some valid points. Works Cited Joseph Michael Sommers. "Are You There, Reader? It’s Me, Margaret: A Reconsideration of Judy Blume’s Prose as Sororal Dialogism." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 33.3 (2008): 258-279. Project MUSE. Web. 31 Mar. 2012. .

Social Concerns in the Novel “The Kite Runner”

In the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, there are plenty of examples that prove this to be correct, walking through the life as an upper or lower class citizen, dealing with tough situations. As upper class citizens, it is much easier to receive a proper education due to the fact that it isn’t necessary for one to get an occupation to help support their family because no additional support is needed. Since upper class citizens can have the luxury of being able to read and write, they are more likely to become successful, for example,Amir, a young boy who is born into the wealth of his father, Baba, talks about how he is using his education to excel in language arts, â€Å"In school, we used to play a game called Sherjangi, or â€Å"Battle of the Poems. † The Farsi teacher moderated it and it went something like this: You recited a verse from a poem and your opponent had sixty seconds to reply with a verse that began with the same letter that ended with yours. Everyone in my class wanted me on their team, because by the time I was eleven, I could recite dozens of erses†¦One time, I took on the whole class and won† (17). This example shows how Amir has the advantage over most kids, who aren’t as fortunate to receive an education and is able to excel by becoming one of the most prominent students in poetry of his class. It also shows that Amir has a good chance of being a success by using this education to advance him for when he’s older. Rahim Khan, Baba’s best friend, also notices that Amir is becoming more knowledgeable in language arts when he reads Amir’s first story, â€Å"I enjoyed your story very much.Mashallah, God as granted you a special talent. It is now your duty to hone that talent, because a person who wastes his God-given talents is a donkey. You have written your story with sound grammar and interesting style. But the most impressive thing about your story is that it has irony. You ma y not even know what that word means. But you will someday. It is something that some writers reach for their entire careers and never attain. You have achieved it in your first story† (28). This again further displays that because Amir is able to receive a good ducation, he is able to write impressively. Not only does this example show that he is a good student, but it also shows that if one is given the chance to be educated and takes advantage of it they can become successful. People in the upper class have the opportunity to gain an education because they have the wealth to be able to do so, however people in the lower class aren’t as fortunate. People who are in the lower class are forced to work hard for what they have because, they haven’t been blessed with the luxury of being born into a wealthy family.This is true for Hassan, Ali’s friend and servant, who must stay with his father and work at Ali’s home to earn a living and isn’t abl e to educate himself by going to school, however Hassan learns to appreciate life and everything that is given to him, for example, Amir describes a normal day for Hassan and himself, â€Å"During the school year, we had a daily routine. By the time I dragged myself out of bed and lumbered to the bathroom, Hassan had already washed up, prayed the morning namaz with Ali, and prepared my breakfast.While I ate and complained about homework, Hassan made my bed, polished my shoes, ironed my outfit for the day, packed my books and pencils. I’d hear him singing to himself in the foyer as he ironed, singing old Hazara songs in his nasal voice. Then, Baba and I drove off in his black Ford Mustang† (23). This excerpt shows very wonderfully, how Hassan is a hard working young boy, in the lower class, who appreciates things and makes the best of his situation, he is awake bright and early, full of energy, singing and enjoying the day he has before him, happy to be alive.It also sh ows the fact that people in the lower class are able to enjoy the little things in life much more than that of the upper class, because they have to work hard and appreciate the things they work hard for. However people in the upper class may become snobby and take for granted the things that they have, for instance, when Amir is reading to Hassan, and Hassan stops him to ask a question, â€Å"what does that word mean? ‘which one? ’ ‘imbecile’ ‘you don’t know what it means’ I said, grinning. ‘Nay, Amir agha. ’ ‘But it’s such a common word! ’ ‘Still, I don’t know it. ‘Well everyone in my school knows what it means’, I said. ‘Let’s see. ‘Imbecile. ’ It means smart, intelligent. I’ll use it in a sentence for you. ‘When it comes to words, Hassan is an imbecile’(25). This shows that Amir doesn’t appreciate the fact that he is able to be so educated and demeans Hassan for not being able to have an education. However, Hassan shows that he is eager to learn more and appreciates the stories that Amir reads to him and wants to have the full understanding of the story, thus showing that people of the lower class usually show reater appreciation for what they have and earn. Some may like to think that living life prosperously is always a good thing, and to most it is a very positive experience because it represents hard work that one has done in order to earn that rich lifestyle, but to others who come into prosperity without earning it find it hard to deal with the struggles one finds in life. People, such as Baba, know what hard work is and are generous to others who are less fortunate because they know what its like to work hard to become successful, for example, Rahim Khan refers to Baba’s enerosity when speaking with Amir,†I think that everything he did, feeding the poor, giving money to friends in need, it was all a way of redeeming himself. And that, I believe, is what true redemption is, Amir Jan† (302). This shows how Baba, although wealthy, is very caring and shows a true commitment to helping others who need it. It also displays the character that Baba has been instilled with through life experiences, such as trials and tribulations, which help him to appreciate what he has earned. However to others, such as Amir, who is born into prosperity, don’t know the meaning of hard ork or how to deal with problems they are faced with, for instance when Baba is discussing his son’s inability to deal with problems, such as bullies, with Rahim Khan he says, â€Å"Self-defense has nothing to do with meanness. You know what always happens when the neighborhood boys tease him? Hassan steps in and fends them off. I’ve seen it with my own eyes. And when they come home I say to him, ‘how did Hassan get that scrape on his face? ’ And he says, †˜he fell down. ’ I’m telling you, Rahim, there is something missing in that boy† (20). This is a good example of how Amir is unable to esolve matters on his own while Hassan is able to deal with situations and predicaments because of his tough upbringing. It also shows that Amir is incapable of working with conflicts because he has always been protected and dependant on others, unlike Hassan who hasn’t had that luxury of having things handed to him and has always fought for everything he has. In closing, the lifestyle of the upper class can be very fulfilling if the hard work that goes into it is understood, however if it isn’t and one becomes spoiled, it can be detrimental to one’s life and personality.